Xyloglucans (XGs) of Tamarindus indica L. Fabaceae are used as drug vehicles or as ingredients of cosmetics. Two xyloglucans\r\nwere extracted from T. indica seed with cold water (TSw) and copper complex precipitation (TSc). Both were analyzed in regard\r\nto composition and influence on cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration, MAPK phosphorylation, and gene\r\nexpression of human skin keratinocytes (NHEK and HaCaT) and fibroblasts (NHDF) in vitro. TSw and TSc differed in molecular\r\nweight, rhamnose content, and ratios of xylose, arabinose, galactose, and glucose. Both XGs improved keratinocytes and fibroblast\r\nproliferation, promoted the cell cycle, and stimulated migration and intracellular enzyme activity of NHDF after endosomal\r\nuptake. Only TSw significantly enhanced HaCaT migration and extracellular enzyme activity of NHDF and HaCaT. TSw and TSc\r\npredominantly enhanced the phosphorylation of molecules that referred to Erk signaling in NHEK. In NHDF parts of the integrin\r\nsignaling and SAPK/JNK pathway were affected. Independent of cell type TSw marginally regulated the expression of genes, which\r\nreferred to membrane proteins, cytoskeleton, cytokine signaling, and ECMas well as to processes ofmetabolismand transcription.\r\nResults show that T. indica xyloglucans promote skin regeneration by a direct influence on cell proliferation and migration.
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